سرنوشت اتحاد اسکاتلند و بریتانیا: هویت ملی و فرایند واگذاری اختیارات به اسکاتلند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ، گروه مطالعات بریتانیا ، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات اروپا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ واگذاری اختیارات از دولت مرکزی به دولت­های محلی، بعد از جنگ جهانی دوم در کشورهای اروپایی، با هدف تقویت مشارکت سیاسی و تداوم همگرایی و اتحاد دولت‏های محلی با دولت مرکزی، بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرارگرفت. سیاست­ واگذاری اختیارت در بریتانیا به سه منطقۀ اسکاتلند، ایرلند شمالی و ویلز با به قدرت رسیدن حزب کارگر در سال 1997 به اجرا درآمد. هدف این مقاله بررسی فرایند واگذاری اختیارات در اسکاتلند و بحث دربارۀ مسائل مرتبطی مانند ملی‏گرایی و هویت ملی در این منطقه است. این مقاله سعی دارد به پرسش‏هایی در زمینۀ تأثیر واگذاری اختیارات و عللی که منتهی به فاصله گرفتن اسکاتلند از دولت مرکزی شده است پاسخ دهد. ضرورت مطالعة وضع موجود، زمانی آشکار می­شود که اسکاتلندی­ها پس از 300 سال اتحاد با بریتانیا، تصمیم گرفتند در سال 2014 برای پایان دادن یا تداوم اتحاد (بر اساس پیمان 1707) در یک همه‏پرسی عمومی شرکت کنند. نتایج این همه‏پرسی آثار مهمی بر سیاست‏های داخلی این کشور و نیز رابطه‏ آن با وست‌مینستر و اتحادیۀ اروپا برجای می‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Scotland’s Fate in the Union with Great Britain: Scottish National Identity and the Process of Devolution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hessamoddin Vaez-zadeh 1
  • Yaghma Kaabi 2
1 Assistant Professor of British Studies, University of Tehran
2 PhD student of European Studies, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Devolution of powers has been a matter of increasing importance in European countries, especially after the Second World War. With the aim to reinforce political participation and continue the convergence of the regions, central governments have devolved some of their powers and responsibilities to regional and local administrations. In Britain, devolution of powers to the three regions of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland was carried out with the coming to power of New Labour in 1997. The aim of the British government was to create greater trust and unity between these regions and the central government, in the greater framework of the United Kingdom. The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of devolution in Scotland and to discuss matters pertaining to nationalism and national identity. This paper seeks to answer questions regarding the scope and the influence of devolution, and to present the reasons why Scotland has moved away from the central government. The significance of this research lies in the fact that after 300 years of union, the Scots participated in a 2014 referendum to determine whether they would or would not continue to remain in the Union (formed in 1707). Either way, the outcome of the referendum would be highly influential both in Scotland’s internal affairs and in its relations with Westminster and the European Union.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • decentralisation
  • independence
  • National Identity
  • Nationalism
  • Regionalism
  • Union

مراجع

Aughey, A. (2009). The Wager of Devolution and the Challenge to Britishness. The Political Quarterly , 136-148.
Brand, J. (1978). The National Movement in Scotland. London: Routledge.
Gamble, A., & Wright, T. (2009). Introduction : The Britishness Question. In A. Gamble, & T. Wright (Eds.), Britishness: Perspectives on the British Question (pp. 1-10). London: John Wiley & Sons.
Greer, S. L. (2007). Nationalism and Self-Government: the Politics of Autonomy in Scotland and Catalonia. New York: SUNY Press.
Hanham, H. J. (1969). Scottish Nationalism. London: Faber & Faber.
Heffer, S. (2007, January 17). The Scots destroyed the Union – so vote SNP. Retrieved July 8, 2012, from The Telegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
Jeffery, C. (2009). Devolution in the United Kingdom: Ever Looser Union? Budrich Journals , 207-218.
Kavanagh, D. (2000). British Politics: Continuities and Change (Fourth ed. ed.). New York: Oxford U Press.
Keating, M. (2011). Scotland and Independence. Montreal: The Federal Idea.
Kellas, J. G. (1998). The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press.
McConnell, A. (2006). Central-local Government Relations in Scotland. International Review of Administrative Sciences , 73-84.
Miller, W. L. (2008). The Death of Unionism? In T. M. Devine (Ed.), Scotland and the Union 1707-2007 (pp. 175-192). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mitchell, J. (2008). Devolution and the End of Britain? Contemporary British History , 14 (3), 37-41.
Nairn, T. (2003). The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism (3rd ed.). Altona: Common Ground Publishing.
Nairn, T. (2007). Union on the Rocks? New Left Review (May), 117-132.
Paterson, L. (1994). The Autonomy of Modern Scotland.
Pittock, M. (2008). The Road to Independence? Scotland Since the Sixties. London: Reaktion Books Publication Ltd.
Rosie, M., & Bond, R. (2006a). Feeling Scottish: its Personal and Political Significance. University of Edinburgh, Department of Sociology. Edinburgh: Institute of Governance.
Rosie, M., & Bond, R. (2006b). Routes into Scottishness? In C. Bromley, J. Curtice, D. McCrone, & A. Park (Eds.), Has Devolution Delivered? (pp. 141-158). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Schlesinger, P. (1998). Scottish Devolution and the Media. The Political Quarterly , 69 (B), 55-74.
Smout, T. C. (1994). Perspectives on the Scottish Identity. Scottish Affairs (6).
Suksi, M. (2011). Sub-State Governance through Territorial Autonomy: A Comparative Study in Constitutional Law of Powers, Procedures and Institutions. Heidelberg: Springer.
Surridge, P. (2006). A Better Union? In C. Bromley, J. Curtice, D. McCrone, & A. Park (Eds.), Has Devolution Delivered? (pp. 29-45). Edinburgh: Edinburgh U Press.
Vaez-Zadeh, H. (2012). Comparative Study of Separatism in Britain and Canada. Tehran: University of Tehran.
Wilson, D., & Game, C. (1994). Local Government in the United Kingdom. London: The Macmillan Press.
فصلنامه مطالعات جهان
دوره 3، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
پاییز و زمستان
بهمن 1392
صفحه 303-323

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار