سرنوشت اتحاد اسکاتلند و بریتانیا: هویت ملی و فرایند واگذاری اختیارات به اسکاتلند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ، گروه مطالعات بریتانیا ، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات اروپا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ واگذاری اختیارات از دولت مرکزی به دولت­های محلی، بعد از جنگ جهانی دوم در کشورهای اروپایی، با هدف تقویت مشارکت سیاسی و تداوم همگرایی و اتحاد دولت‏های محلی با دولت مرکزی، بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرارگرفت. سیاست­ واگذاری اختیارت در بریتانیا به سه منطقۀ اسکاتلند، ایرلند شمالی و ویلز با به قدرت رسیدن حزب کارگر در سال 1997 به اجرا درآمد. هدف این مقاله بررسی فرایند واگذاری اختیارات در اسکاتلند و بحث دربارۀ مسائل مرتبطی مانند ملی‏گرایی و هویت ملی در این منطقه است. این مقاله سعی دارد به پرسش‏هایی در زمینۀ تأثیر واگذاری اختیارات و عللی که منتهی به فاصله گرفتن اسکاتلند از دولت مرکزی شده است پاسخ دهد. ضرورت مطالعة وضع موجود، زمانی آشکار می­شود که اسکاتلندی­ها پس از 300 سال اتحاد با بریتانیا، تصمیم گرفتند در سال 2014 برای پایان دادن یا تداوم اتحاد (بر اساس پیمان 1707) در یک همه‏پرسی عمومی شرکت کنند. نتایج این همه‏پرسی آثار مهمی بر سیاست‏های داخلی این کشور و نیز رابطه‏ آن با وست‌مینستر و اتحادیۀ اروپا برجای می‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Scotland’s Fate in the Union with Great Britain: Scottish National Identity and the Process of Devolution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hessamoddin Vaez-zadeh 1
  • Yaghma Kaabi 2
1 Assistant Professor of British Studies, University of Tehran
2 PhD student of European Studies, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Devolution of powers has been a matter of increasing importance in European countries, especially after the Second World War. With the aim to reinforce political participation and continue the convergence of the regions, central governments have devolved some of their powers and responsibilities to regional and local administrations. In Britain, devolution of powers to the three regions of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland was carried out with the coming to power of New Labour in 1997. The aim of the British government was to create greater trust and unity between these regions and the central government, in the greater framework of the United Kingdom. The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of devolution in Scotland and to discuss matters pertaining to nationalism and national identity. This paper seeks to answer questions regarding the scope and the influence of devolution, and to present the reasons why Scotland has moved away from the central government. The significance of this research lies in the fact that after 300 years of union, the Scots participated in a 2014 referendum to determine whether they would or would not continue to remain in the Union (formed in 1707). Either way, the outcome of the referendum would be highly influential both in Scotland’s internal affairs and in its relations with Westminster and the European Union.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • decentralisation
  • independence
  • National Identity
  • Nationalism
  • Regionalism
  • Union
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